Traktor
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Tractor types:-
- Mahindra Tractors
- Mini Tractor
- Crawler Tractor
- Backhoe loader
- Two-wheel tractor
- Challenger Tractor
- Artillery tractor
- Construction
- Ac Tractor
- Kubota Tractor Corporation
Tractor is the main tool used in modern agriculture. It is a vehicle that is designed to provide more traction at low speed. It also does the work of pulling agricultural equipment, luggage trailer, trolley etc. attached behind it. On top of this, some such agricultural implements are also installed, which are driven by the power received from the tractor.
The highest tractor density of Asia continent is in Ganganagar district of Rajasthan.
Traktor introduction:-
Tractor is a self-propelled device. Its behavior is mainly
1. Traction functions, such as the pulling of movable machines and
2. Stationary work, such as pulley, etc. is used to move the mechanism of stationary or movable machines with the help of tools.
Generally the traction functions are:
(a) preparing the land by plowing,
(b) planting seeds,
(c) planting saplings,
(d) planting crops,
(d) Harvesting, etc.
The static functions are:
(a) pumping water,
(b) threshing,
(c) Feed Grinding,
(d) chopping wood, etc.
Following are the five types of prime movers for different types of tasks:
1. Domestic animals,
2. pneumatics,
3. hydraulic machines,
4. Electric machines,
5. Heat engines
Of these basic drivers, only domestic animals and heat engines are successfully treated for traction work. Power obtained by wind, water and electricity can be used only for stationary works. In countries like United Kingdom, America etc., horses and mules were used for agricultural work till 1920 AD; But after that the behavior of the animals decreased. Nowadays, tractors are often used for these works there.
Benefit:-
The main advantages of tractors over domestic animals are:
1. With this difficult work can be done continuously,
2. It is not affected by adverse climate,
3. It can operate at different speeds,
4. When it does not behave, it requires less attention and does not require fuel at all.
Tractor Type:-
Edit according to the modes of traction and self-propagation
There are two types of tractors according to the methods of traction and self-propulsion:
1. Wheel tractor - This tractor is of great importance and is very useful for agricultural works. A wheeled tractor is either a three wheeler or a four wheeler.
2. Track-type tractor The traction mechanism of such a tractor consists of two heavy tracks. It has the behavior of two iron wheels, one of which acts as a driver, the other is like an idler. This tractor is extensively used for heavy work like construction of dam and other industrial works. Its practice in agriculture is less.
according to utility
According to the utility, there are five different types of tractors:
1. General purpose tractor - These tractors are of standard design, such as four wheeled or leak type tractors.
2. All purpose tractor - Almost all types of tractor work can be done with such a tractor.
3. Orchard tractor - These are small or medium sized instruments. Their structure is such that they can be used smoothly in the orchard. These types of tractors are of very low height and have very few projecting parts.
4. Industrial tractor - These types of instruments can be of any shape or type. They are used in places like factories and airports etc. They are equipped with rubber wheels and high speed transmission devices.
5. Garden tractor - This is the smallest size tractor used in gardens or small farms. It is made in three sizes: small size, medium size and large size. Planting and farming work is done in the gardens with the help of small sized machine. The behavior of medium and large sized garden carts is taken for the work of ploughing etc. This device is driven by the driver and controls it with the help of lever.
tractor texture
All tractors consist of the following three parts:
1. Engine and its means,
2. power transmission system,
3. Chassis
Edit Engines and Its Instruments
engine:-
Tractors in ancient times were fitted with slow-moving horizontal engines that had only one or two cylinders. To handle such heavy engines, strong wings, large wheels, etc. were required, as a result of which the tractor itself became very heavy and it was difficult to handle the work in it. Nowadays, the use of high speed light locomotives is increasing, which mainly consists of two cylinder horizontal engine and four or six cylinder vertical engine. The main parts of a tractor engine, such as pistons, crank shaft bearings, valves, etc., are larger and heavier than the parts of a motor vehicle engine. All cylinders are made in a single casting. The cylinders of the tractor engine start getting destroyed very soon. These two methods are used to solve this difficulty.
(a) replacement of cylinders and
(b) Treating large size pistons by reboring old cylinders.
These methods are expensive and time consuming. That's why modern design engines have their own removable cylinder walls or sleeves, which can be easily replaced without taking the engine out of the tractor. The cost of a sleeve is much less than the cost of a new cylinder or a good refinishing. Cylinder heads for tractor engines are made separately by casting. Doing so makes it easier to carry the carbon stored in the combustion chamber together. The valve is mounted in the cylinder head, which facilitates valve adjustment. Tractor pistons are usually made of cast iron and consist of three to seven rings. Crank shafts of all tractors are made in one piece by drop forging. Generally large size two and four cylinder engines run at 900 to 1,200 and smaller size four and six cylinder engines run at 1500 to 2000 revolutions per minute.
fuel:-
The fuels used in internal combustion engines are gaseous fuels or (liquid fuels. Gaseous fuels can also be natural gas or artificial gas - aerated gas, coke stove gas or producer gas -. Liquid fuels include petrol, kerosene, diesel] oil, alcohol etc. come.
Tractor engines are of two types according to the means of burning fuel: first, compression ignition engine and second, spark ignition engine. In the first type of engine, in the suction stroke only air enters the cylinder and there it is compressed in the compression stroke. Around the completion of this stroke, the fuel is injected into the hot compressed air in the form of fine particles by the injector, causing combustion. Diesel oil is used in this type of engine.
Cooling System:-
Heat is generated by friction due to hot gases in the engine and due to reciprocating motion in the cylinder of the piston, which quickly wears out the engine parts. To avoid this, the heat is reduced by cooling the engine parts by air cooling or liquid cooling.
Tractor Governing:-
To bring uniformity in the changing speed with the changing load falling on the tractor, it is necessary to have a motion controller on the tractor engine. Almost all tractors are equipped with a throttle system of speed control. In this, the speed is controlled with the help of centrifugal force exerted by the rotating load.
power transmission system:-
There are three parts to the mechanism of a tractor's engine transmission to its wheels or ruts:
(a) speed changing gear
(b) differential,
(c) final drive mechanism.
These parts are made of different designs in different tractors. This system is a means of self-propulsion. With its help, the speed of the crank shaft of the engine can be increased or decreased and the speed of the tractor is obtained as desired. The direction of motion is also reversed by this system. A self-propelled vehicle requires a means of isolating the power unit from its transmission gear and driving wheel because
(a) the internal combustion engine is cranked by hand or by a special starting mechanism,
(b) Such engines can generate some power only after attaining a certain speed.
The transmission gear has to be removed to achieve different speeds. For all these actions a clutch is used between the engine and transmission gear and the clutch pulley. The main among these clutches are the contracting clutch, cone clutch and expanding clutch. Nowadays, almost all tractors are of chakti type. In modern grab design, there is more behavior of dichroic and unipolar grabs instead of multiplexed type of grabs. In the latest design, the kinetic energy or pressure energy of the fluid is used for power transmission. It consists of fluid coupling and torque converter etc.
tractor chassis:-
Under the tractor chassis, the frame, wheels or other means of traction and steering mechanism are included, other units of the machine are mounted on the frame, so it is necessary to be strong. Earlier this welding was made by riveted joint, but nowadays to make the tractor lighter, smaller and compact, it is prepared by casting in two parts, one of which is the engine crank case. ) and the second one serves as the transmission housing. Nowadays, almost all the wheels of tractors are made of low pressure bivial rubber, but nowadays steel wheels are installed in tractors used for paddy cultivation etc. The most important part of the turning mechanism is the gear which transmits the motion from the turning wheel to the turning bar. These gears are always kept in a compartment so that dust particles etc. cannot enter in them.
Tractor Care :-
The age of any tractor and the work done by it depends on the maintenance of this device. The more carefully this yantra is kept, the better it will work and accordingly it will be durable. If well taken care of, it will rarely present a problem. In almost all tractors, the difficulties lie in the engines. The reasons for difficulties can be mainly of the following four types.
Compression Difficulty:-
Due to lack of proper compression for smooth start and efficient operation of any engine, wear of piston, piston ring cylinders, cylinders, walls etc., lime around cylinder top or spark plug and carbon under valve. is to be deposited.
fuel and carburetion difficulty:-
Due to some closure of the valve, some foreign object in the fuel path, due to the carburetor float somewhere, there is blockage in the flow of fuel resulting in less fuel coming in. Sometimes, due to accumulation of sewage under the valve or a hole in the valve, the fuel starts coming in excess. If the carburetor is not fitted properly, the fuel mixture becomes weak or weakens more than necessary.
ignition difficulty:-
Having a good spark of electricity in the combustion chamber at the right time depends on many delicate parts. A particle of metal, a drop of water or any loose combination of electricity can disrupt the entire ignition system. This would mean delay and loss of time. Engine not starting while cranking or stalling while running is an indicator of ignition difficulty.
Duration Difficulty:-
The valve must open or close at the proper time and produce spark at the appropriate time with the movement of the piston. Let there be a slight change in time.
Compression Difficulty:-
Due to lack of proper compression for smooth start and efficient operation of any engine, wear of piston, piston ring cylinders, cylinders, walls etc., lime around cylinder top or spark plug and carbon under valve. is to be deposited.
fuel and carburetion difficulty:-
Due to some closure of the valve, some foreign object in the fuel path, due to the carburetor float somewhere, there is blockage in the flow of fuel resulting in less fuel coming in. Sometimes, due to accumulation of sewage under the valve or a hole in the valve, the fuel starts coming in excess. If the carburetor is not fitted properly, the fuel mixture becomes weak or weakens more than necessary.
ignition difficulty:-
Having a good spark of electricity in the combustion chamber at the right time depends on many delicate parts. A particle of metal, a drop of water or any loose combination of electricity can disrupt the entire ignition system. This would mean delay and loss of time. Engine not starting while cranking or stalling while running is an indicator of ignition difficulty.
Duration Difficulty:-
The valve must open or close at the proper time and produce spark at the appropriate time with the movement of the piston. The slightest change in EA time causes 'period difficulty'. This does not hinder the starting or running smoothly of a running engine, but it reduces engine power, causes the engine to overheat and increases fuel consumption.
By always paying attention to the causes of all these difficulties, the tractor always remains in good condition.
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